If the Earth could be cut in half, like an apple, then on the cut we would see several circular layers. If you start digging the earth, then, having dug up a layer of soil or sand, you will surely stumble upon rock.
What is deep in the earth?
The continental crust consists mainly of granite. In places of land such as the Grand Canyon, where water washed away the surface of the earth's crust, a granite layer has come out and is accessible to observation and study. The bottom of the oceans is also the earth's crust, but there it is thinner (about 4.5 kilometers) and consists of another rock - basalt. Under the earth’s crust is a mantle - a giant layer with a thickness of about 3,000 kilometers.
If a tunnel is laid through the mantle, it will take 36 hours to drive it from end to end in a car at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour. True, such a journey to the center of the earth is impossible. The mantle of the Earth is a kingdom of heat and tremendous pressure.
Earth Mantle Knowledge
Scientists know little about the deep layers of the mantle, but its surface layers are mainly composed of rock called peridotite. Peridotite, in turn, consists of minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and pomegranate (the red stone used for jewelry). At least part of the mantle is a soft and supple mass. This is explained by the fact that it is a crust of solid rock, floating in a sea of molten stone.
Earth core
Finally, under the mantle is the heart of the Earth - its corehaving a diameter of about 6400 kilometers. It would seem that a core isolated from solar heat should be colder than the North and South poles combined. But this is far from the case. On the contrary, this is an area of inconceivable heat with a temperature of 2200 to 3300 degrees Celsius. The bark is so hot that its outer layer consists of molten metal. Imagine a warehouse melted from heat, full of iron pans, and you will get an idea of what the earth's core looks like: molten liquid iron mixed with oxygen and sulfur. When the Earth rotates in an iron core, eddy currents occur.
The core of the Earth is very dense, because, squeezed from above by the entire mass of the planet, it is under tremendous pressure. Scientists suggest that because of such a high pressure, the core of the Earth, or rather its center, consists of solid matter. Despite the high temperature (higher than in the melting furnace), the pressure there is so high that the particles of the substance are pressed tightly against each other and simply can not flow anywhere. A ball in the center of the earth’s core the size of 3/ 4 Moons, surrounded on all sides by molten iron - this is a planet inside the planet.
Where did this heat come from in the center of the earth?
Heat has been retained in the center of the earth for 4.6 billion years, ever since particles of matter collided in space to form the earth. But most of the heat, according to scientists, is the result of radioactive processes in the depths of the earth. Radioactive elements located in the earth's depth emit particles, such as electrons. These electrons collide with rock atoms, transferring part of their energy to them. From this breed are heated.When the Earth was still young, these radioactive elements heated the rocks inside the Earth to a very high temperature. Stones keep heat well. Imagine a rock heated by the sun.
How did the earth's core form?
All this accumulated heat could not leave the bowels of the Earth and remained there. Millions of years have passed. The temperature in the center of the Earth rose so much that the iron contained in the stones melted. The heavy iron separated from the lighter metals and plunged downwards, that is, gathered in the center of the Earth, forming the earth's core.
